The Effects Of Work Related Stress On Employee Behavior Essay

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in research about work-related stress. Indeed, De Vries Wilkerson (2003, as cited in Al-Hassan, 2014) reported that stress is fast becoming the most common cause of worker disability; 40% of employment turnover is expected due to stress, and 25% of workers find work as their largest life stress. Work-related stress is another factor which has been shown to impact the likelihood that an individual will initiate or participate in deviant behavior (Fox, Spector, Miles, 2001, as cited in Brown, 2008). Nowadays, most individuals have been experiencing about work-related stress that cause them to engage in deviant behavior which also lead them to be emotionally stressful. In research of Vardi Weitz (2004, as cited in Brown, 2008) in general, stressful situations greatly influence employee behavior because they often cause the employee to become frustrated, impatient, or irritated and these types of emotions often lead to a variety o f counterproductive behaviors. In broad biological terms, work-related stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker (Hudzik, 2005). Thus, the hurtful physical and enthusiastic reactions may be the reason for individuals degenerate conduct that may lead them to have conflict in their work place or even in affiliation. Stress at work can be conceptualized as anShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation1617 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation Udaya Kiran Kadali January 23, 2011 Abstract Today’s organization because of global competition and cost cutting had lead to great changes in the organizations leading to greater effect of organizational behaviors. Some organizations are losing employees to other organizations and some employees are losing their efficiency due to the lack of job satisfaction, or due to stress and/or due to lack of motivation, or combinationRead MoreJobs in The Service Industry: Calling Center Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pages2010). This eventually leads to employee burnout which is a major problem in the workplace. The purpose of this essay is to discuss how job demands contribute to employee burnout based on different findings by several researchers. 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Difficult steps must be taken to ensure that all precautions, legal and ethical, have been scrutinized and actuated prior to the final decision to terminate

Joseph Conrads Views On Colonialism Essay - 1502 Words

What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretence but an idea. Those who read me know my conviction that the world, the tempered world rests, notably, on the idea of Fidelity. This is a running theme through most Conrads books. As a sailor he learned that to survive, every crewman did the job he was assigned, and that the survival of the ship, and therefore the community, depended on each man doing his duty. The heart of darkness can be read as a political critique of western imperialism as exercised by the Belgians, who more or less raped the Congo of its resources while brutalizing the countrys people and making them slaves of unbridled political avarice. At the time Heart of†¦show more content†¦The bitterness of Marlows recollection demonstrates Conrads own strong bias against colonialism, which he wants to impart to the reader According to Marlow, such barbarism cannot be justified on any grounds; however it can be compensated for by a legitimate and just cause behind it. Colonialism to him was Just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale It was not an exchange of resources, but a cruel and unjust domination and usurpation of the resources of the weaker party by the stronger, in this case the usurpation of the natives ivory by the pilgrims. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much The Europeans were a so-called cultured and sophisticated race whose professed aim was the betterment of the African lot. The resources at their disposal, their culture, their food, and their finances, none of these were transferred to the Africans in order to improve their living standard; instead all concentration was focused on getting as much wealth out of the land as possible, even at the cost of the lives of the natives. Had the purpose behind this unjust domination been something worthwhile, the sins of the pilgrims might have been atoned for. But there is no such purpose; no moral betterment,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn the present era of decolonization, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical debate. Many literary critics view Conrad as acceptin g blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism andRead MorePost Colonialism Is Not A Reference Of Time Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPost colonialism is not a reference of time; rather it is the literary theory that encompasses the global interactions of humans after colonization and imperialist rule dominated the world. The ultimate definition is still in the wakes of developing, so there is no box this particular word can smoothly fit into. This is a literary theory; it is a lens to take in order to understand the truthfulness of all perspectives in a story. A baseline of post colonialism lies in the definition of both termsRead MoreComparison of Patons Cry, The Beloved Country and Conrads Heart of Darkness1357 Words   |  6 Pagespre-colonialism native land of Africa. 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Heart of Darkness was essentially a transitional novel between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenthRead More Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it representsRead MoreHeart of Darkness on the Flaws of Imperial Authority1024 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† despite the many conditions of the described Africa most if not all the characters agree that these conditions indeed differ from the conditions found in Europe. 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Joseph Conrads Heart ofRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1488 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad’s s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness†, (Conrad 154) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomeno n and the doctrine of colonialism bought into at hisRead MoreHeart of Darkness1699 Words   |  7 Pagescontinent Joseph Conrad’s s novel â€Å"Heart of Darkness† portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. 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Information System Implementation Free Essays

System Implementation When it comes to implementing or installing a new system within a company or organization, there are many factors to consider, not only technology. System implementation takes place when testing is complete and the team and project manager become responsible for implementing the new information system successfully for the sponsor or for the client’s organization or company. A successful implementation can result in overall organizational efficiency and also strengthen the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Information System Implementation or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, a failed implementation can result in a strain on funds, schedule, and on the organization. Even though there are different implementation methods, there are more things to consider such as: commitment, risks, resistance, user involvement, training, and planning. User commitment plays a huge factor on implementing and installing a system successfully. An implementation method, such as direct cutover, will create a huge sense of commitment. When the direct cutover method is used, the old system is being disposed of and the new one is being installed. It is as if yesterday, you were using an old computer or system, and today you came in and there is a new computer or system in front of you. This method creates a huge sense of commitment with users because there is no system to go back to. When it comes to user commitment, the user must also be committed to change. The company or organization must be willing to implement changes, procedures, structure, and any other factors that are crucial for the system to function. This commitment, however, should not only come from users, but through the entire organization from top management down through the entire project. Edgar Schein, a former management professor from MIT, describes the perfect leadership qualities for building commitment. He states that management should pay attention to the project effort and respond to project issues in an important manner. Schein also states that it is necessary to coach the organization to be prepared for the new system. Executive level commitment is probably the most important because employees can follow the management’s lead and can encourage shared commitment of the project goal. Every systems project has some type of risk involved. This is because the system will impact the organization and organizations are constantly changing. To manage some risks, project managers or leaders should look at the size of the project. If it is too big, they should consider breaking it into modules. They should look at the changes in technology and determine if they can stick to the same technology or whether they really do need the latest technology and if it will be beneficial. Management should also look at the capability of their team. They should question the team’s expertise. Top management should be supportive and committed as well. They can look at the budget for the project and question if it is realistic or not. Lack of risk management is also a major risk factor. Management should have contingency plans if something goes wrong. Contingency plans can be very beneficial if the organization is constantly changing. Management will have more than one plan ready depending on what might happen. Management can also question the schedule and see if it is even possible to complete it on time. However, sometimes the organization will have clearly defined goals with top management support allowing the successful implementation. Communication is also a key success factor in system implementation. The direct cutover method, for example, might create a sense of high commitment which is a success factor; however, this method is also the riskiest. There is no system to go back to if this fails. Sometimes an organization may underestimate how much things will change when it comes to implementing a new system and overestimate the organization’s ability to handle these changes. Also, if a system is very complex, it directly relates to the amount of risk involved. At times, system implementation can be effected be resistance. There are many reasons a new system may be resisted. Sometimes a person may resist because of factors unique to the group or themselves. In this situation, the individual or group must be informed or educated and the organization can increase user participation. This is an internal factor. An external factor would be the system itself. The system could possibly be non-user-friendly or have a poor design. In this situation, the system should be corrected. It can also be modified to better suit the organization’s processes or procedures. Sometimes factors can be both internal and external. This deals with the organizational interaction of the system. System could possibly be inadequate and users may resist using it. The parallel system implementation would be a good method to use. In this method, both systems are running simultaneously. This is the safest of all methods. However, this is the most expensive of all methods and has no user commitment. There is no commitment because users feel that they can always go back because the old system is sitting right there. User involvement is correlated to quality of management. When implementing a system in an organization or company, changes should be communicated to the users relating to their experience. When these changes are clearly communicated, users can compare and contrast and this can lead to a successful implementation. Users should also be involved in the decision process. Sometimes a new system can bring a hindrance of control over users’ work. In this case, a pilot implementation method would be beneficial. In this method, the new system is tested in one area. The old system eventually overlaps with the new. There is a low risk and a low cost. However, if the test group does not consist of many people, there is not much testing taking place. Some parts of the organization may resist being the testing group. Training is also a vital factor in successful system implementation. A successful training plan should include everyone who will use and support the new system. There should be appropriate timing on when to schedule the training. Training should ensure that users understand the new processes, interdependencies, and workflows as well as the basic functions of the system. In this situation, a phased implementation method would be beneficial. During the phased method, the system is introduced to different parts of the organization or company. They may introduce the system in specific departments at certain times. This will allow the department to prepare and allow the project team to learn from experience when it comes to implementing the system in different parts of the organization. Planning is a huge part of any project, no matter the size. A project plan should be well defined. If an organization has strong leadership along with a great plan that is clearly stated and well accepted by the organization, then there will be a strong source of motivation allowing members of the rganization to work together to reach that common goal. A good project plan should have an analysis of the needs of the organization, specifications of team members’ roles, project schedule, success factors, risk analysis, training requirements, and functions and processes that will be effected. Having a clearly stated project plan will allow all members of the organization to know what to expect, how it is going to affect them, and how long it will affect them for. There may be more than one way to implement a system. However, commitment, risks, resistance, user involvement, training, and planning are important factors to look at. Some methods may be quicker or cheaper than others; however, if the organization is committed, all the risks have been analyzed, there is little to no resistance, the user is involved with proper training, and there is a clearly defined project plan, the system implementation will most likely succeed regardless of what implementation method is used. How to cite Information System Implementation, Papers